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整个过程中有几个地方请大家留意下:
1. 让她接受CIF。
2. 讨价还价之后,我在辅机上加了USD2000等她还价,然而之后,她并没有再还价。
3. 让她接受30%T/T,60%T/T,10%T/T的付款方式,然而10%T/T却是安装后再付款。这也给公司带来了汇率上以及核销上的问题。
4. USD2000,不白要。送她一个辅机,让我们出口的东西更方便好用。
5. 多一份责任,多送一个配件,赢得的是信任。
6. 客户说C/O或FORM A都OK。C/O,给她办下来了,FORM A却搁浅。几经努力,FORM A终于办下来了。
7. 出口马上要3个月了。尚未派人安装,几经努力,摆事实列数据,客户终于同意安装前打尾款10%过来。(现已收到)
1.波兰的询盘
我收到了一封询盘。因为她询问的是某一个具体型号的设备,所以这是个有效询盘。客户要求报FOB价(后来她也要求用自己的指定货代,因为这样对我们不利,所以后来还是让她选择作了CIF,以后再详细介绍,供大家参考)。
通过她的邮箱后缀查到她的公司网站,了解了下她生产的产品。然后,就给她报过去FOB价并附机械参数和真实图片的联接。
两天后,收到她的回复。说要对比下其他供应商的价格,再考虑下。(这也让我在后来在和她的讨价还价中费了不少功夫。不过,结果要比我想象的要好很多。)
过了些日子,客户又开始询问具体的参数了。对一个机械设备来讲,它的参数很多。而我当时对很多参数依然不清楚。就是现在很多参数,还是模棱两可。 我只好问工程师,一一回复过去。然而,有一项参数,因为大家平时都不注意,问谁谁也无法确定,我只好给客户一个大概。也因为这个大概让客户她又连续发了好几封邮件来让我确定。但最终还是没能让她满意。只好暂时搁置下来。
(她可是一直记得的,以致于后来下单生产试机后,她又让我测算了。从这里可见,作什么产品,都要全面的了解你的产品。有时候我们因为条件限制而不能全面了解,确实会给自己带来不少障碍。但,无论如何,不能忽悠人家,不真诚的行为,后果不会是好果子。俗话说,扳起石头砸自己的脚。)
2.付款方式的转变
22号客户来信问了些问题,前面几个是关于设备参数的,而最后两个是针对付款方式和客户自我宣传自己信誉度的。她说, For me better payment is: 30% TT, 50% when the machine is on the ship (when I have B/L) and 20% after montage.
When you are afraid, I can give you contact to our XXX machine suplier (from XXXXXXXXXX) and he'll tell you that I'm believable client.
对于这两点,我们还是希望尽可能多的款在发货前付清(底线是90%),所以我回复:
30% T/T advance is good. We can only accept 70% balance payment by L/C at sight. 50% after shipment is too dangerous for us. By L/C at sight, it will be good for both of us. Another payment way is 50% T/T in advance, 40% against copy of B/L, 10% after installation.
Thanks for your reference. We are glad to get something from this supplier.
在上一封邮件里曾提到安装人员工资的问题,这个是要客户付款的。
但她在回复中说,I should tell you, that my XXXX machine wasn't first and only one machine what I or my friends bought in China. And never was like this that we have paid salary for engineers and the rest of costs their trip to Poland. We've always bought round-tickets, board and lodging. These are your workers and you pay them salary. Everywhere is like this. In this case, maybe these are not your engineers but engineers from another company?
(客户这样说,我当然觉得有点受轻伤。一般来说派外安装都是要有工资的,而且我们要的工资并不高,我说As is always the case that installation and commissiong expense shall be paid by the buyers,including round-trip ticket, accomodation,traffic,etc.客户自己给了个价位,然后我们就接受了。用老板的话说,我们是卖设备,别在这上面计较。不过,听说一些公司把设备拆了出口,到对方工厂安装。光安装时间和费用就挺惊人。阿弥陀佛。一般的买方恐怕受不了这个。)
Can you send me the sample of XXX made by your machine? If you have, send me the samples of XXXX.(from your machine of course).
(客户这样说,还是有点疑虑的。可能是觉得工程师要工资,好像设备不是我们产的。所以这里她用了“your”这个词)
对于价格,她说:About final price of machine we'll talk on the end I hope it's to little negotiation 。由于这个时候,国内物价不稳定,所以,我回复她说As the price of steel is rising everyday, so our offer is only effective within one month.
(这里面她用了两个笑脸,让我觉得这个客户也挺有意思的。不过,当时,我还不知道她是位女士,一直以为他是Mr.男同胞。)
很快,我又收到她的回复,再次提及样品,产品目录以及每个客户都会关心的price。
不过,我想先把这个价格冷一冷。所以在回复里就没提。而是跟她要快递的邮寄地址以及和她确认快递方式。同时附上形式发票(我告诉她,我们可以接受30% T/T down payment, 70% L/C at sight.)。不过,因为她没有快递帐号,所以就没法作到付。后来问了下FedEx和DHL的代理。被告知,只有发DHL才可以在没有到付帐号的情况下发件。
本来如果预付款40多美元就可以了。没想到DHL到付(客户没有到付帐户的情况下),客户付了250多美元的快递费。(这也是后来问她的时候才知道的,也觉得挺抱歉的。不过,事先我们说了,如果下单,这笔费用会从我们的货款里扣除。)
在冷了几天后,对于价格,我写了一个单独的邮件,
Due to the price rise of steel, it's difficult for us to give discount. However, boss agreed at last to give you a 3% discount for all machines if you agree to pay 70% T/T in advance. This is the best price I can get from my boss. Attached is the proforma invoice for price reference. If you agree with 70% T/T in advance, we will send you a new P/I after discount.
如果客户能够预付70%的货款,那么即使给她些折扣,也是值得的。至少,也可以弥补因为汇率而带来的损失。因为以前出口的时候就是,等收回了全款,因为汇率的下降,一单损失了七八百美元。但,这样大的预付款,我想客户也不会轻易接受的。因为毕竟我们是初次合作,双方都要谨慎。
之后,我就安排寄送样品了。可这个时候,一个令人头痛的参数来了。客户问了很多参数,我们都告诉她了。可是这个参数,工程师和老板都忽略了。因为国内的很少会问这个问题。以致于,我只能告诉她:我只能给你一个大概的数字(因为确实不知道一个准确的数字,也没必要随便编一个给人家)。我也知道这个参数也是一项挺重要的参数。可是,就是没法给她。她在回复的邮件里好几次让我确认。我也没则,但又不想互弄她。她看出我确实没法给她这个重要的参数,只好无奈的放下了。可她却是一直记得的。后来下单后,她还是让我测算了。因为条件具备了,我就自己去测了也不用东打听西打听了,告诉她,她才放心。
在接下来的日子里,她又开始询问辅助设备的问题了。好像她也把价格的问题放一边了。也不知道是接受了还是没接受。反正,并没有对我的付款方式邮件作出回应。
转眼到了3月8号了,通过DHL的网站,我查到样品已经顺利的投送了。就发了封邮件过去问她是否收到样品。同时,让她把所付邮费的单据发给我,We noticed that the mail is delivered yesterday afternoon. Please send us the payment receipt. If we conclude this deal in the future, the postage will be deducted from our final offer to you.
客户当天就作了回复,
Yes, really your mail with samples is delivered yesterday. The payment receipt is in office and that's why I'll send it to you on Monday (by fax). I hope we could make a decision soon.
(让人高兴的是,这个 “Soon”确实没有让我们等很久。)
我回复告诉她因为时差的原因(我们下班,她可能才上班1个小时。也就是说她在我们下班之前只有一个小时的时间给我们传真。当然了,如果她能想起来,传真也就是几分钟。我就是怕她想不起来这个时差的问题),最好发邮件。把单据扫描了再发邮件过来。因为公司的传真是人工的,而不是自动的。我担心她发传真没人接,就误事了。所以后来,我们一直用Email沟通,没发过传真也没打过电话。
过了几天,客户又发来邮件,问了些参数。而且还连上次没有解决的一个重要参数又以另外一种方式提起来了。(这时候,我是挺晕的。为了这一个问题,来来回回已经过招了很多次了。)
没办法,只好还是给她说about。这个词或者类似的词被我频繁的使用,实出无奈。
3月17号了。今年的钢材涨的很快啊。出于担心客户的问题不断,而钢材以及物价上涨带来的冲击,特别写了封邮件,
Dear XXXX:
Due to the big price rise of steel and drop of the exchange rate, we have increased the prices for all machines. However, we will keep our offer to you effective within one month, namely to April 17.The price of steel and other raw materials rose greatly. After 17, we will never give you the price as we did. Increased by about X% for all.
We are sorry for this.
(这里我特别把报价的截至日期写上了,以引起她的注意。后来发现,这封信,起到了一个很大的作用,以致于后来客户不再在价格上和我周旋了。我想那时候物价上涨,她是可以通过她在国内的朋友了解到的。)
在这封邮件发出去后,客户立即作出了回应(一个好消息:)
Dear Frank,
1. We've decided for your XXX machine. ……..That's why you should check it once again and then I'll make a decision.
2. I can't pay you 70% T/T. You should understand me. I don't know your company. We've never cooperated. I can pay you 30% T/T, 60% L/C or 60% T/T after shipment (it's very safety for me and for you too) and 10% after montage. T/T for me it's easier becouse I can send you money directly from my acount via internet and L/C I have to prepare many papers in my Bank and it's longer way. I'd like to do it as soon as it's possible.
3. If I finish with payment this week, when you will be ready with all of this order?
(最后这句,让我看到了下单的希望 :)高兴下。呵呵)
对于其他的一一回复。而对于付款方式,则作了进一步的争取,而且我希望是CIF条款,
我说,30%T/T in advance and 10% after montage is ok. However, 60% after shipment is not good for us. So,we suggest you to inspect the goods in our company after the goods is ready for you. When you see, you can pay.
According to our current orders from others and arrangement, our delivery time for all machines is 45days. Plus 10 days for booking space, and 45 transit time. The total days from China to Poland will be about 100days.
Second, please tell us the port of destination, so that we can offer you the CIF price.
If we can agree on everything, we will send you the final Proforma Invoice.
客户回复的很快,虽然感觉字里行间有些无奈,但,客户和我都在寻找对于双方来说都比较稳妥的方式,她说:
I agree with you. Maybe it will be the best and the most safety visit your company when the goods will be ready. If it will be not possible I'll make L/C in my Bank. Send me new Proforma Invoice
(她想作L/C,对于这个,我们一直没操作过,不了解。所以,我们还是想转到T/T上来。也许以后熟悉L/C了,就会同意吧。)
根据客户的要求,我发了P/I。并且附机上每台加价USD1000。这个加价是为了讨价还价用的。不过,她并没有表示异议。可能是因为物价上涨她也知道吧。不过,付款方式,我写的是,
1). 30% T/T in advance
2).60% T/T before shipment
3). 10% Balance after installation.
客户对这一点提出了自己的想法,
I'd like to have written: 60%T/T before shipment (if I visit your company) or 60%L/C (paid by Bank after shipment, when they will have Bill of Letter and another documents).
(她是想过来验厂后确定60%T/T before shipment的条款。当然如果不过来了,就是L/C。所以在回复里,我提议,we suggest 60%T/T before shipment (if you visit us, this is better, just inspect the machine by yourself.) or 60%T/T against copy of B/L by fax(after shipment, if you don't come. This is not good, but I persuade my boss to agree). By L/C, the procedure is complex as you told me.)
同时,在邮件里,我特别提示这个价格是FOB价,CIF价在知道目的港后给出。实际上,我就是希望她能接受CIF价,放弃使用自己的货代。
当天,客户作出了回复,告诉了她的目的港。在得知她的目的港名称时,我就觉得CIF交易有戏了。虽然几经周折,她最后还是同意了CIF交货方式。在她回复的邮件中确定了设备的价格以及支付条款,并且最终确定了下来:60% T/T before shipment or 60%T/T against copy of B/L by fax.
3.客户是位女士
在联系了将近一个半月的时候。我一直以为他是位男士。但客户坚持要指定货代,我们觉得指定货代风险太大,所以我回复说:
Dear XXX:
If you appoint your own freight forwarder to book space and carry the goods to Poland. It will be your freight forwarder to send you the B/L, but not us. So, on the FOB basis, we will not accept the payment term: 60%T/T against copy of B/L by fax……………
(这里我是担心指定货代和客户出现不良行为,所以故此回复。)
她的回复也很坚持,
Dear Frank,
I bought in China not only my XXX machine. Always my suppliers gave me FOB prieces (freight was by my side of course). Always the same company (XXXX from XXXX) contacted with suppliers and gave them empty container. But always documents (original Invoice, original B/L, Certificate of origin) my supplier sent me after shipment by DHL. I've never had it from this company! I don't understand you.
I should tell you, I really want visit China and I'll try to do it. My only one problem is that on the beginning of April I'll have second child! I should visit you with my husband (we run our company together). I think it'll be possible to stay my mother with my new born child for 3-4 days. But I'm not sure. Only that's why I'd like to have this point about payment on PI.
看到这封邮件,我才晓得客户原来是位女士。而且要有第二个Baby了。所以在回复的时候,我就注意了一下用语,
Dear XXX:
You are right. For freight forwarder with good reputation, they can send the B/L original to the seller. That's no problem. But, we don't know him before. What you can not understand is that, sometimes the appointed freight forwarder will send the B/L to the client directly. That will be very bad for the seller.
For our current order from XXX, we agreed on CIF XXX. And, this client paid 90%T/T down payment. And, we are arranging everything for him, including Original Commercial Invoice, Certificate or origin, B/L, packing list. And, yesterday, our export agent has applied for shipping space for his order(40GP, leave for XXX on April.2).
And for our last order to XXX, we agreed on FOB Qingdao. And, our client appointed his freight forwarder, like you. And, the B/L is sent to us first, and then we send the B/L original and other documents to our client by FedEx with postage prepaid. That's very good. But, for that order, our client paid 30% as down payment, and 65% before shipment. Otherwise, we will not agree.
May god bring you a lovely child. And, you'd better stay at home with your child. Going out soon after having a baby is not good for your health.
(这里我给她说明了我们现有客户的付款方式。同时衷心的祝福她能生个可爱的孩子。)
很快她就回复了。表示不会预付90%的。而且说明使用她的指定货代不会有问题。同时她说:
Another suppliers have agreed with my proposition of payment. It wasn't any problem. But I think your machine is the best and good packed. Only that's why we've decided on this. Now
这句话让我觉得关键时刻到了。客户在作一个取舍。她可能会因为指定货代的问题而放弃与我们合作。但,我们无法接受指定货代的操作。所以,即使放弃,我们也得坚持。在仔细考虑并和领导商量后,给客户提出了几个选择,让她自己来选。这种限定范围而由她来选择的方式,最终达到了双方意见一致的目的:
Dear XXX:
Under FOB term, you appoint the freight forwarder and only pay 30% down payment is unfair for us.
There are three options, among which you can select only one:
1. Offer on FOB basis. You appoint the freight forwarder, and pay 30% down payment, and 60%T/T before shipment. You can ask your agent to inspect the machine in our factory.
2. Offer on CIF/CFR basis. We appoint freight forwarder, and you pay 30% down payment, and 60% T/T against the copy of B/L by fax.
3. Offer on CIF/CFR basis. You appoint the shipping line and we appoint the freight forwarder. You pay 30% down payment, and 60% T/T against the copy of B/L by fax.
This is the best term for both of us. Please select one carefully, and give us a reply soon.
客户作出了我们也认为最合适的回复,
Dear Frank,
We agree with proposition number 2 (CIF, you appoint freight forwarder, and we pay 30% down payment, and 60% T/T against the copy of B/L by fax), but you have to write me the name of freight forwarder.
(她只是提出了一个附加条件,告诉她我们指定货代的名称。这个完全可以办得到。就此,指定货代的问题,解决了。而这个指定货代和付款方式的问题在这一单里,可以说是互相制约的。至少,我们通过这点达到了双方认可的平衡点。)
4.订单来了
我重新作好了P/I。把双方约定好的条款看了几遍就发给客户了。只是忘记了当初的承诺。以致于客户回复说,Today I'll send you the down payment. You have only forgotten about my cost of the samples (255USD). How we should do with this?
Confirmation of payment I'll send you next week, because from tomorrow to Monday we have Easter. I hope Tuesday or Wednesday you should have money.
见到邮件,我当然很高兴。不过,汇款没过来。这单还不算开始。
重新作好了P/I。发了过去。就等着汇款的动静了。当我下班收取邮件的时候,又收到她的邮件,
问我要受益行的地址。这下我心里有数了。想想,客户应该是打款了吧。所以赶紧给代理打电话。代理已经下班在家了。不过,还好。代理有银行的朋友,她对我说“一个电话搞定”了。顺便说一下,这个代理本人不错,工作比较敬业负责,也比较专业。
5天后,客户发来了bank slip的扫描件。
又过了两天,代理通知,汇款到了。也就开始生产了。
5. 紧张的CE认证
下单了。CE认证也就提到了日程上来了。我知道出口欧洲是需要这个的。虽然以前有客户说现在波兰对这个要求的不严格。但CE最好还是作的好。
而恰恰预付款过来没几天,客户就来了封信。
那天是3月31号,客户来信说,清关的单据需要CE。这样一来,CE是必须要作的。我告诉客户,作CE需要一段时间,但在发货前,我们一定会提供。工厂原来也不准备作这个的。因为觉得CE没有什么必要。所以为了这个CE也是费了不少的无用功。
值得庆幸的是,在接下波兰这单之后,我正在谈的另外一个欧洲的设备也定下来了。并且于4月9号收到预付款。而且这个货的交货期就在月底。这也就意味着月底前CE必须办出来。没的商量。这时候,也得到了领导们的大力支持。CE顺利的走上日程了。
所以,之后我是经常催问CE的事。有没有准备好文件什么的...同事们也都帮着忙活。办事效率也高了不少。
作CE认证的公司的业务员比较敬业,在这里感谢一下他。因为他的努力,我们顺利的把这个月底发往欧洲的货发出去了。至于他公司的名称,我就不提了。以免广告之嫌。而波兰的货的交货期很长,所以CE一办下来,我就发给客户了。这样我和客户对单据的事就算告一段落了。(后来FORM A差点没办下来,成了一段小插曲,在此就省略了。)
如果没有公司领导,同事,员工,以及CE认证公司的权力配合,相信这个认证是不会下来这么快的。所以,感谢所有参与这单的人。
6. 多送她一个辅机和一个配件
在接下来的日子里,就是跟踪生产。并把生产的进度以图片的形式发给客户,好让她放心。CE也在月底顺利的拿到了。这时候我问领导是否要给客户一个辅机。因为按照配置,这个地方写的比较含糊。我们可以给她,也可以不给。不过,领导很开明,说“给”。所以,价值USD1000左右的一个辅机就送给她了。
就在设备主机快要完成的时候,我问客户是否还需要生产其他规格的产品。如果是,我们会多提供一个配件。因为我知道,多这一个配件,她就可以多生产一个规格的产品。而这个配件对我们工厂来说,并不值钱,很容易就作出来了,但如果提供了这么一个配件,却可以给客户带来方便。客户的回复是肯定的。然后,我就通知领导安排了。虽然,这只是些细节的问题,也许微不足道,但正因为这些细节,让我们赢得了客户的信任,以致于后来催尾款的时候并没有费多大的力气。
这个时候,客户对另外一个设备的关注依然在持续。不过,到最后,她也没有买那个设备。因为那个设备,我们得自己设计作出来,没法给她看实物,而且很多数据也无法得知。这时候,我只能问她有什么要求了,也就写了封信,顺便问下其他未能确定的事:
Dear XXX:
Please tell me the speed you require for XXX machine. If you have any other requirements, please tell me at the same time.
Second, we want to check in advance the consignee and notify party, as I asked you before for several times. As you know, later, you might have no time to check email after having a second child. By the way, may god bring you a wisdom and lovely child, and may your family happy , healthy and far away from bitterness.
Third, as soon as we get the CE, we will change the Proforma Invoice and send it to you for seal.
Don't worry about the machine. From the time you place the order, I've been keeping track of the whole process, and urge my boss to make the machine as good as possible and have it delivered on time. After the machine is tested, we will send you the compressed video too.
当天,她就回复了。这才知道,她的宝宝已经降生了。她告诉我这个消息,让我觉得挺高兴。新的生命啊。阿弥陀佛。
Dear Frank ..,
1. Minimum speed of XXX machine is XXX.
2. Consignee: XXXX
Notify: XXXXX
Port of discharge: XXXX
3. Thank you for your wishes. My second child is already with us from two weeks. Now I work and check emails at home. Don't concern contact with me.
我曾告诉她,怀孕期间,最好远离电脑。她说“Don't concern contact with me”,让我觉得她很敬业,很值得尊敬。
所以,回复的时候我只打了一个笑脸,: ) Thank you.
生产在继续。但一个外协的配件的外观出了问题。按理说,这样的配件,虽然外观有瑕疵,但一点也不影响生产。但出口的设备外观弄成那样,确实不太好。为了这个事,我只好催问如何解决。还好,一个老板比较开明,他安排人让外协重新加工了。然而返工的配件不仅没有弄好,反而更糟了。这一返工就花了上千元。能否再返工,我也没数。但还是希望给客户一个完美的交待,也给工厂一个完美的交待。后来,老板还是让人又拉回去返工了。这次,外协干的不错。因为这个配件的2次返工,我们确实是损失了几千块钱。但我们作的是值得的。因为,只有利人才是真正的利己。
7. 试机、发货,但FORM A没办下来
转眼到5月了。也开始试机了。试机后我把试机的图片和录像发给了她。试机的效果很好。当然,我这个外行还没看出门道。老板说,还不行。没有达到最佳效果,还得改一改。当然,这个我就没必要和客户说了。
不过,这时候她以前问的一个一直悬而未决的问题就来了,她让我测算一下,
Dear Frank..,
Thank you for photos and video. Write me please, what XXX is on this video film? Now, when you test machine, you can directly check me how XXXXX.
因为试机,这样我才有机会自己去测算一下这个数据。也感谢我们的客户们。正因为他们的敬业,才让我们这些业务变的更专业些。
很快数据就测算出来了。我发给她。顺便回复其他的问题。然而,我以前推荐客户买的配件,她并不打算从我们这里买,而是在当地买。据我所知,因为这样的配件作工比较特殊,不属于通用的,不好买。但,她说可以在当地买到,也就不再推荐她了。但后来的事实证明,她在当地没有买到,这也给她带来了不少的麻烦。
时间到了5月14号,主要的设备已经完成了。开始第二次试机。在试机的前一天,我把粉饰一新的设备图片发给客户。看着效果不错。第二次试机后,我又把录像发给她了。这也是最后一次给她发录像。接下来,设备就应该开始包装了。
为了不耽误安装调试,这时候我发邮件让客户把邀请函发过来。波兰的邀请函需要原件。如果等设备发出去之后再要的话。寄快递要浪费7天左右的时间,办签证又要浪费10天左右的时间。定机票等又得3,4天。这样就可能耽误安装调试的时间。所以,邀请函还是尽早办的好。尽管如此,客户也很快把邀请函原件发了过来,但后来的人事变动,让我不得不再次向客户要邀请函。而这种人事变动也让我们的收汇核销工作变得紧张起来。我算了算日子,按照合同,肯定是不可能的了。所以我才发邮件问客户,是否可以在安装前付尾款。(合同规定安装后,才付尾款)。这是后话了,以后再详细说说要尾款的事。
接下来的日子,就是定舱发货了。当然,按照习惯,我把发货的图片也发给了客户。这时候我注意到她一般不回复我的邮件了。估计是静静的看我发的图片吧。因为,如果没有什么疑问,她也不必回复了。 |
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